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Couple of methods used in South Africa, some that require support from the manufacturer.
Use one way bolts to attach them into the frame - require a special tool to remove.
If the installation is sufficiently large to justify the investment, fencing with electrical wires powered by one additional panel plus battery - however this adds to the potential things to break
Highly visible alternative colour to the panel's own frame and backing
Depending on the load on your system, have a amp / power regulator moulded on to the back of each panel such that it only provides power when a certain amount is being drawn - only really suitable for larger systems. We did this and then "reversed" the messaging on signage around the installation that said that if connected to your TV or radio, they will blow them up.
In one particularly large system in South Africa (72 panels) we (a previous NGO I worked for) employed all of the above plus some mentioned by other respondents. I followed up this installation for about 5 years and not one was ever stolen. Bit extreme, I know, but the context called for it.