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A key issue is the design of latrines which have little odor, no fly breeding, easy construction and affordability. This search began in Thailand back in 1959 and was influenced by a 1954 WHO publication by E. G. Wagner and J.N. Lanoix. India had experimented with a hand-made concrete bowl with a water trap to serve as a squat-plate pit latrine. This innovation became highly popular, attracting commercial groups to produce them in mass from porcelain and plastic. Virtually every rural Thai home has such a latrine, which is also popular in Malaysia, Indonesia, E. Timor. and elsewhere. A detailed write-up can be found in the publication: Choosing a Career in Development by Dr. Barry Karlin via Amazon.com