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Rodrigo Salazar-Botero gravatar image
From:    Salazar-Botero Rodrigo  
 Date:    May 25, 2016 at 9:09:06 AM Colombia Standard Time
 To:      blumcenter@berkeley.edu 
  Subject:     FASO SOAP
                                                                                                                                                

SALDER S.A.S.

rod@malariaprotection.com www.malariaprotection.com https://www.facebook.com/jabon.nopikex +++

I have not been able to find any field tests or scientific backing as to the efficacy of the Faso Soap.

Kindly please go to www.malariaprotection.com where all data and field tests on NOPIKEX® can be found, which started production in Colombia in 1989. Rodrigo Salazar-Botero +++

In the early 1980’s Mr. Thomas Edward Simmons formulated his Soap Insect Repellent ( Mosbar ) which was subsequently patented in Colombia, Canada, the United States, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Panama, and many other counties. In 1985 SALDER S.A.S, Colombia, bought Mr. Simmons’ Patents and technical instructions, thereby, the advent of Nopikex Soap Insect Repellent which is marketed by one of the largest pharmaceuticals in the world, BAYER. However, the highlight of our association was that Mr. Simmons accepted to become our Technical Director, an association that lasted for many years until his death.

In the posts it is mentioned several times the lack of data on soap repellents, therefore, please allow us to provide the data we available.

I would like to mention that in the late nineties Mr. Simmons modified his original formulation by increasing the main active component to 22%, 23.8%, 34.5% and for children 10%.

The References with * Correspond to Field Tests Conducted on NOPIKEX® ( Previously Mosbar ) Which Were Published in Scientific Publications and can be found at: www.malariaprotection.com

The References cited Below Were Funded By:

UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR); The British Medical Research Council; The U.S. National Institutes of Health; European Community Commission Special Programme for the Sciences, Research and Development WHO, World Health Organization (Western Pacific Region, Manila, Philippines) PAHO, Panamerican Health Organization Institut für Tropenhygiene, Heidelberg, Germany School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Division of Medical Entomology, Department of Medical Sciences, Thailand WHO, World Health Organization, Regional Office, for South East Asia, New Delhi, India. International Development Research Center of Canada, IDRC file 92-0223-01. Ministry of Health, Bogotá, Colombia. National Health Institute, Bogotá, Colombia National Police Department, Bogotá, Colombia Ministry of Health, Quito, Ecuador.

*Alexander, B., Cadena, H., Usma, M. C. y Rojas, C. A. 1 995. "Laboratory and Field Evaluations of a Repellent Soap Containing Diethyl Toluamide (DEET) and Permethrin Against Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) in Valle del Cauca, Colombia". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52(2), pp.169-173.

*JD Charlwood and H Dagoro. Repellent soap for use against malaria vectors in Papua New Guinea.  Papua New Guinea Med. J. 30: 301–303, 1987.

Debboun, Mustapha (2014-09-11). Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition (Page 326). CRC Press. Kindle Edition. 

*Curtis, C. F. and Hill, N. 1988. "Comparison of Methods of Repelling Mosquitoes". Entomol. exp. appl. 49: 175-179.

*Frances, S. P. 1987. Effectiveness of DEET and Permethrin, Alone, and in a Soap Formulation as Skin and Clothing Protectants Against Mosquitoes in Australia". Journal of American Mosquito Control Association, Vol. 3, No. 4: 648-650.

*Kroeger, A., Mancheno, M., Ruiz, W. and Estrella, E. 1991. Malaria y Leishmaniasis Cutanea en Ecuador: Un Estudio Interdisciplinario. Latin American Centre of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, and the National Medicine Museum, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador.

*Lindsay, S. W. and Janneh, L. M. 1989. "Preliminary Field Trials of Personal Protection Against Mosquitoes in The Gambia Using DEET or Permethrin in Soap, Compared with other Methods". Banjul: Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia, and The Gambian Government's Department of Medical and Health, Banjul, The Gambia.

*Mani, T. R.,  Reuben, R. and Akiyama, J. 1981. "Field Efficacy of Mosquito Repellent Soap Against Vectors of Bancroftian Filariasis and Japanese Encephalitis in Southern India". Journal of American Mosquito Control Association, Vol. 7, No. 4:565-568.

*Carlos A. Rojas , Kristen A. Weigle, Rafael Tovar, Alba L. Morales, Bruce Alexander. 2006. “A multifaceted intervention to prevent American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: results of a group-randomized trial”.

*M Rowland, G Downey, A Rab, T Freeman, N Mohammad, H Rehman, N Durrani, C Curtis, J Lines, and M Fayaz. Deet mosquito repellent provides personal protection against malaria: A household randomized trial in an Afghan refugee camp in Pakistan. Trop. Med. Int. Health 9: 335–342, 2004.

*Trop Med Int Health. 2004 Mar;9(3):343-50. DEET mosquito repellent sold through social marketing provides personal protection against malaria in an area of all-night mosquito biting and partial coverage of insecticide-treated nets: a case-control study of effectiveness. Rowland M1, Freeman T, Downey G, Hadi A, Saeed M.

*Debboun, Mustapha (2014-09-11). Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition (Page 328). CRC Press. Kindle Edition. 

*Self, L. S. "The Current Status of Community Personal Protection Measures in the Western Pacific  Region". Paper submitted for the meeting of WHO Collaborating Centre on the Evaluation and Testing of New Pesticides, 9-13 November 1987, Geneva.

*Soto, J., Silva, R. 1 993. "Prevention of Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes Through the Use of a Repellent Soap Containing 0.5% of Permethrin and 20% of Diethyltoluamide". Paper Submitted at Expomilitar 1993. (Annual Forum of the Colombian Armed Forces).

*Suarez, M. F. and Fleming, G. A. 1986. "Ensayos de Campo de una Nueva Formulacion de Repelente Tipo Jabon Contra Mosquitos". Biomedica, Vol. 6, Nos. 3 and 4: 85-88.

*Suarez, M. F. 1987. "Informe Preliminar de Investigacion". Bogota: Servicio Nacional de Erradicacion de la Malaria.

*WHO/WPR. 1988. "New Weapon Against Malaria". Health and Development. No. 56.

*Yap, H. H. 1986. "Effectiveness of Soap Formulations Containing DEET and Permethrin as Personal Protection Against Outdoor Mosquitoes in Malaysia". Journal of American Mosquito Control Association, March 1986.

Randomized Controlled Trials of Topical Repellents ( Pakistan ) Southeast Asia

In a refugee settlement in Pakistan, a household randomized trial of Mosbar* (a soap containing 20% deet and 0.5% permethrin, which was lathered on but not rinsed off) versus a placebo lotion demonstrated a 56% reduction in P. falciparum malaria with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.44  (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25–0.76, p = .004) and a nonsignificant effect on P. vivax malaria with an OR of 1.29 (95% CI = 0.86–1.94, p = .226).92

The study was carried out on a waterlogged land endemic for malaria, and transmission was effected by Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles nigerrimus, and Anopheles pulcherrimus, which are predominantly early evening biting vectors.92. This characteristic makes topical repellent use ideal as it is applied in the early evening, coinciding with the peak activity of these vectors. This local vector bionomic may have meant that the repellent reduced a substantial amount of malaria transmission and demonstrated the importance of studying the local vector bionomics to determine if the proposed intervention will have any impact on the vector population.

Debboun, Mustapha (2014-09-11). Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition (Page 135). CRC Press. Kindle Edition. +++++++++++++++++++++++++

Evaluation of Repellent Efficacy in Reducing Disease Incidence ( Afghanistan )

In Afghanistan, a case-control study was conducted through social marketing of Mosbar, a repellent  soap containing 20% deet and 0.5% permethrin.

 Cases and controls were recruited through passive case detection at a local clinic. The combined use of Mosbar and ITNs demonstrated a 69% reduction in the odds of contracting malaria (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13–0.72, p = .007) compared to control (neither Mosbar nor ITN). The local mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles nigerrimus bite  shortly after dusk, and throughout the night, a characteristic that makes the repellent a suitable control tool for evening protection before LLINs can be used. The repellent selected was highly efficacious and gave 100% protection for the whole night, which might have promoted the observation of treatment effect.

Debboun, Mustapha (2014-09-11). Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition (Page 141). CRC Press. Kindle Edition. ++++++++++++++++++++

Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae)

The local names churai, santang, and santão refer to resins and wood commonly burnt indoors  in western Africa to prevent mosquitoes from entering at night. 46,192,229  In several field trials, it was determined to be an effective, accepted, and cheap form of personal protection. In Guinea-Bissau, smoke from the burning bark of D. oliveri reduced biting from mosquitoes by 74.7% and 77.9%  in comparison to the control in two separate field experiments.192  In Banjul, the Gambia, santang reduced biting on human subjects by 77%, which was more than a permethrin mosquito coil, but less than that of deet soap.46 A study from the Gambia.47., found churai reduced house entry of mosquitoes. Odds ratio relative to nonuser was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.47–0.66), although under high transmission no protective effect against malaria from use of churai was found. 230

Debboun, Mustapha (2014-09-11). Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition (Page 198). CRC Press. Kindle Edition.  ++++++++++++++++++