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In response to the TSS Water Pipe Query, detailed guidance is included in "Engineering in Emergencies" (RedR/Practical Action Publicaitons, 2nd edition).

 

See section "13.4 Water transmission and distribution", page 344, and subsequent sections:

 

Section 13.4.1 Pipes - guidance on different pipe materials, pressures, pipe laying, pipe fittings.

 

Section 13.4.2 Valves and tapstands - including service pipes

 

Section 13.4.3 Pipeline design - including guidance on gravity flow pipeline design which would be required for a spring fed gravity pipeline of 6km in length. This section importantly includes guidance on break pressure tanks, avoiding air blocks, wash outs and additional considerations for spring fed schemes.

 

480m is a significant height drop and quite rightly the design needs to be carefully checked to avoid both excessive pressures and negative pressures, according to the terrain. Clearly close engagement is required with not only the community who is to benefit but also the people across whose land the pipe will pass, if different, as pipes laid above the ground are vulnerable to being damaged.

 

Jan Davis